Nurture
Social cultural
Fathers of the social cultural perspective are Sapir and Whorf. The linguistic relativity principle (also known as the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis) is the idea that the varying cultural concepts and categories inherent in different languages affect the cognitive classification of the experienced world in such a way that speakers of different languages think and behave differently because of it.
Behavioral
The things we learn are due to positive and negative reinforcement. For example, I score a 100% on a quiz, so I receive a prize. The positive reinforcement is the prize. I fail the class, so I have to take it all over again. Having to retake the course is the negative reinforcement.
Humanistic
Humanists believe that humans have the desire to be better. Like, if a culprit witnesses an old lady being robbed, humanists believe that he will help her.
Nature
Psychoanalysis
The father of psychoanalysis is Sigmund Freud. He believed there to be the conscious and the unconscious in
the human mind. The conscious consists of the Ego, Id, and Super-ego. The Id is our basic instincts of survival (Eros) and death (Thanatos). The Ego according to Freud "that part of the id which has been modified by the direct influence of the external world ... The ego represents what may be called reason and common sense, in contrast to the id, which contains the passions ... in its relation to the id it is like a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse; with this difference, that the rider tries to do so with his own strength, while the ego uses borrowed forces (Freud, The Ego and the Id)." The Super-ego is supposed to counteract what the Id does. The Id wants us to have sex with multiple partners, but the Super-ego reminds the person to act socially accepted.Freud also believed that the purpose to everything we do is to reproduce. Just bought a new car? Well, unconsciously it's to get a step close to marry someone. Kind of like a male peacock showing of its vivid feathers.
Then along came Carl Gustav Jung. See my older posts on his views of dreams and I suggest reading up on the collective unconscious.
Bio-psychological
They basically believe that "bodily experiences, therefore, and more particularly brain-experiences, must take a place amongst those conditions of the mental life of which Psychology need take account. The spiritualist and the associationist must both be 'cerebralists,' to the extent at least of admitting that certain peculiarities in the way of working of their own favorite principles are explicable only by the fact that the brain laws are a codeterminant of their result. Our first conclusion, then, is that a certain amount of brain-physiology must be presupposed or included in Psychology."
Cognitive
This theory is that everything we learn and how we perceive the world is through hardwiring our brain.
Axon ---> Dentride
As you can probably tell, my favorite of these is psychoanalysis, also known as psychodynamics. I will post more about each perspective (or the ones I know about) in future psychology posts.
They basically believe that "bodily experiences, therefore, and more particularly brain-experiences, must take a place amongst those conditions of the mental life of which Psychology need take account. The spiritualist and the associationist must both be 'cerebralists,' to the extent at least of admitting that certain peculiarities in the way of working of their own favorite principles are explicable only by the fact that the brain laws are a codeterminant of their result. Our first conclusion, then, is that a certain amount of brain-physiology must be presupposed or included in Psychology."
Cognitive
This theory is that everything we learn and how we perceive the world is through hardwiring our brain.
Axon ---> Dentride
As you can probably tell, my favorite of these is psychoanalysis, also known as psychodynamics. I will post more about each perspective (or the ones I know about) in future psychology posts.
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